PLÁSTICOS BIOBASADOS

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Conceptos

No existe una definición estandarizada de bioplástico. Dentro del significado más ampliamente aceptado actualmente (European Bioplastics e.V.), un material plástico se define como un bioplástico si es biobasado, biodegradable o presenta ambas propiedades. Por lo tanto, es un término utilizado para definir dos características diferentes de los plásticos.

Plásticos biobasados
- Materiales plásticos producidos a partir de fuentes biomásicas renovables. Sus unidades constitucionales proceden total o parcialmente de biomasa.
- El foco se pone en el origen de la materia prima utilizada.
- Pueden ser biodegradables o no.
Esta sección está enfocada en plásticos biobasados.

Plásticos biodegradables
- Materiales plásticos que pueden ser completamente asimilados por los microorganismos presentes en un entorno definido como alimento para su energía. El proceso de biodegradación depende de las condiciones ambientales circundantes, del material y de la aplicación.
- El foco se pone en la biodegradabilidad del producto final.
- Pueden proceder de recursos renovables y/o fósiles.

Plásticos biobasados Drop-in
Tienen estructura y propiedades idénticas a las de sus equivalentes de origen fósil.

Tipos de plásticos biobasados

Naturally derived biomass polymers
Uso directo de la biomasa como material polimérico (incluidos polímeros modificados químicamente).
- Plásticos basados en celulosa
- Acetato de celulosa
- Almidón
- Quitina
- Alginatos

Polímeros de bioingeniería
Biosintetizados mediante el uso de microorganismos y plantas.
- Polihidroxialcanoatos (PHAs)
- Poli(ácido glutámico)

Biopolímeros sintéticos
Síntesis convencional a partir de monómeros biobasados.
Gomas sintéticas biobasadas
Poliamidas biobasadas
Poliésteres biobasados
- Poli(ácido láctico) (PLA).
- Poli(butilen furanodicarboxilato) biobasado (Bio-PBF).
- Poli(butilen tereftalato) biobasado (Bio-PBT).
- Poli(butilen succinato) biobasado (Bio-PBS).
- Poli(etilen furanoato) biobasado (Bio-PEF).
- Poli(etilen tereftalato) biobasado (Bio-PET).
- Poli(trimetilen tereftalato) biobasado (Bio-PTT).
Polímeros de vinilo
- Poli(ácido acrílico) biobasado (Bio-PAA).
- Poli(cloruro de vinilo) (Bio-PVC).
- Poliestireno biobasado (Bio-PS).
- Polietileno biobasado (Bio-PE).
- Poli(metil metacrilato) biobasado (Bio-PMMA).
- Polipropileno biobasado (Bio-PP).
- Poli(vinil acetato) biobasado (Bio-PVA).
Poliuretanos biobasados

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