HOME

By


Welcome to the BioRefineries Blog
Bioeconomy / Circular economy 
Renewable fuels, chemicals and materials
Sustainability / Carbon negative / Climate positive
Innovation 


BIOREFINERY PLATFORMS   











Popular Posts

Glucaric acid biorefineries

By
Image
Publication date: 14/12/2015 Last update: 24/05/2017 Description 1,2,3,4 D-Glucaric acid, also called saccharic acid, is a chemical compound with formula C 6 H 10 O 8 and member of a large family of molecules known as oxidized sugars. It is a naturally occurring aldaric acid, typically found in small amounts in a variety of fruits and vegetables. It is a highly functionalized compound with four chiral carbons and a plethora of reaction pathways. Its commercial potential was unveiled in the report “Top Value Added Chemicals from Biomass” from the Department of Energy of USA which described its use as a building block for a number of polymers, including new nylons and hyperbranched polyesters. Process technologies 1,3,4,5,6,7,8 The synthetic preparation of D-glucaric acid dates back to a report of Sohst and Tollens (1888) who carried out the nitric acid oxidation of D-glucose to D-glucaric acid. Current methods for its production are based on this process and in...
Read more

Biorefinery models - Lignocellulosic biorefinery

By
Image
Publication date: 25/04/2016 Last update: 25/04/2016 ABOUT THE SERIES OF POSTS “BIOREFINERY MODELS” This post belongs to a series called “ Biorefinery Models ”. This series is devoted to briefly describe the models or concepts of advanced biorefineries which have emerged in the last few years and that are rising currently. These models are simplified representations which enable us to understand in a simple way the structure and characteristics of a general biorefinery type. Some of these models refer to the type of feedstock while other focus on the technologies involved. A biorefinery may resemble these models or be the result of variations and combinations of them. It should be noted that although these paradigms are very useful and instructive, they show limitations in describing and classifying complex systems with high level of integration. In order to define and describe a specific complex case, the blog recommends use the classification proposed by IEA Bioenerg...
Read more

Biobased adipic acid

By
Image
Versión en Español Type of post: Fact sheet. Series: Biobased chemicals – Organic acids. Publication date: 25/05/2021. Last update: 25/05/2021. Description - C6 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid. - White crystalline powder. - Other names: hexanedioic acid; 1,4-butanedicarbocylic acid. Applications - Monomer for the production of nylon 6,6. - Monomer for the production of polyurethane. - Manufacture of plasticizers and lubricants. - Gelling and acidulant agent (food grade). Conventional petrochemical route - Oxidation of cyclohexane to produce KA oil (cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol) / Nitric acid oxidation of KA oil. During the final reaction, the highly potent GHG nitrous oxide (N2O, 300 times more potent than carbon dioxide) is formed. It has been estimated that replacing the current petrochemical-based process with one employing renewable precursors will reduce greenhouse gas emissions by up to 95%, depending on the process used (1). Main biobased routes - [Muconic acid via] Fermentatio...
Read more

Hydrotreated Vegetable Oils (HVO) Biorefineries – The rise of renewable diesel

By
Image
Publication date: 17/9/2015. Last update: 17/11/2019. Section: ADVANCED BIOFUELS Series: HVO - Hydrotreating(HVO) – Concepts, feedstocks and specifications - Hydrotreating(HVO) – Advantages over FAME and properties - Hydrotreated Vegetable Oils (HVO) Biorefineries – The rise of renewable diesel - Posts: HVO Technologies Company Technology Axens Vegan Colabitoil - ENI and Honeywell UOP Ecofining Haldor Topsoe Hydroflex Neste NEXBTL REG BioSynfining Ryze Renewables - UPM Biofuels UPM BioVerno Other: ConocoPhillips, BP, PetroBras and Nippon Oil Used for co-processing or at low-scale Figure 1. HVO biorefinery of Neste in Singapore (extracted from Neste web page) Operational HVO biorefineries Location Owner Technology Production capacity (Mtons/year) Start-up Kilpilahti, Porvoo (F...
Read more

Fast pyrolysis plants

By
Image
Versión en Español Type of post: OVERVIEW. Posts: PYROLYSIS OIL PLATFORM . Fast pyrolysis Process Rapid thermal decomposition of organic compounds in the absence of oxygen to produce liquids, char and gas. Temperature Around 500ºC. Residence time 0.5 - 2 s Typical yields distribution - Oil: 60-70%. - Char: 12-15%. - Gas: 13-25%. Bio-oil characteristics - Low viscosity, dark-brown fluid. - Carboxylic acids: 4-6 w%. - Aldehydes, ketones, furans, pyrans, monomeric phenols: 15-20 w%. - Sugars: 25-35 w%. - Water: 20-30 w%. - Pyrolytic lignin, extractives, solids (including ash), polymerisation products: 20-25 w%. Bio-oil applications - Heating fuel. - Production of advanced biofuels. - Production of food ingredients. - Production of bitumen and coatings. Figure 1. Pyrolysis oil (taken...
Read more